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A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment that transfers heat from one medium to another.
There are two main types of heat exchanger:
DGXT innovative solutions are sustainable. Optimising technology for energy efficiency, emission reduction, and recovery of waste and water.
DGXT innovative solutions are sustainable. Optimising technology for energy efficiency, emission reduction, and recovery of waste and water.
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Gasketed plate heat exchangers (GPHE) optimises heat transfer. The corrugated plates provide easy heat transfer from one gas or liquid to the other.
Food, beverages, and pharmaceutical processing systems require the addition and removal of heat in order to function properly, and processes must be carefully controlled to maintain proper temperatures. Heat exchangers regulate fluid temperatures in processing systems to meet requirements for pasteurization, filling operations, and food safety.
In the food and beverage industry, heat exchangers reduce or eliminate microbials to make products safe for consumption and to prevent spoilage.
Heat exchangers also heat or cool products during a variety of processing stages, including filling, drying, and concentration. To meet processing requirements for a variety of products and their varying viscosities, heat exchangers use innovative designs to maximize efficiency.
For example, plate heat exchanger technology is vital to dairy, beverage and processed food applications. They provide the exact combination of temperature and holding time, for precise pasteurization and ultra-high temperature treatment and regeneration in a variety of applications:
Pharmaceutical, food, and beverage operations realize the value of heat exchangers in several ways:
Pasteurization relies on a heat exchanger's ability to recover heat from processed milk. For pasteurization, milk has to be stored at 4°C to prevent microbial growth. During pasteurization, milk is heated to a temperature of 72 °C for at least 15 seconds to kill pathogens, and then chilled back to 4 °C to stop the process and preserve the milk.
The heat of the pasteurized milk is used to warm the cold milk. The incoming cold milk is preheated by the outgoing hot milk, which is simultaneously pre-cooled. This transfer efficiency saves heating and refrigeration energy.
The process is called regenerative heat exchange or heat recovery. As much as 94 - 95% of the heat content of the pasteurized milk can be recycled.
Heat exchangers also have an important role in clean-in-place, which is the process of cleaning system components without having to dismantle or open the equipment for cleaning. In CIP, the main purpose of heat exchangers is to heat the cleaning water and solutions to a consistent temperature to aid in the removal of residue.
While performing their functions in processing and CIP, heat exchangers help reduce utility consumption by conserving water, electricity, and steam. Common applications for heat exchangers include processing for biotech and pharmaceutical, chemical, food and beverage, and personal care products.
To meet the heating and cooling needs of such an array of applications and products, heat-exchanger designs have evolved to meet a range of site-specific temperature-modulation requirements.
Because plate and frame heat exchangers are designed to increase or decrease in capacity depending on application, they are among the most versatile heat exchangers available.
In addition to variations in height and width that accommodate installation and system integration, plate and frame heat exchangers can scale in depth as system capacities change.
Processors use shell-and-tube heat exchangers for general product heating and cooling. The high shear force and turbulence of their design minimize the risk of biofilm build-up and ensure efficient heat transfer. One manufacturer's Pharma-line of shell and tube heat exchanger operates at pressures of up to 10 bar and operating temperatures of 150°C, which makes the heat exchanger easy to drain.
Shell and tube heat exchangers meet the industry's rigorous demands for product hygiene by eliminating the risk of cross-contamination.
By performing heating duties while also scraping interior surfaces to prevent fouling, scraped-surface heat exchangers add value to systems by keeping them running longer between cleaning. In scraped-surface heat exchanger applications, the product enters the cylinder at the bottom and flows upwards.
The heating or cooling medium travels in a counter-current flow through a narrow annular channel. Typical applications include processing of ketchup, mayonnaise, hummus, chocolate spreads, fruit pie fillings, gravies and sauces, whipped/aerated products, peanut butter, pizza sauces, puddings, salad dressings, and baby food, among others.
Rotating blades continuously remove product from the cylinder wall to ensure uniform heat transfer. The product enters the cylinder in a corkscrew pattern in the same direction as the rotating scraping assembly. The design of scraped surface heat exchangers preserves product quality by providing gentler product handling. Both product flow and rotor speed can be adjusted to suit the properties of the product in the cylinder.
Scraped surface heat exchangers are common in the food and personal care industries. Ensuring continuous production requires uniform heat transfer, but the consistency or content of some food products hinders efficient heat transfer. Scraped-surface heat exchangers meet the need for efficiency by keeping product off the walls and in the mix where they belong.
CIP effectiveness is determined by cleaning time, strength of cleaning chemicals, the temperature of cleaning chemicals, and the amount of turbulence, so heat exchangers have a key role to play in operational productivity and effectiveness.
During CIP, the cleaning solution is pumped through the heat exchanger, where it is heated to the required temperature and where plate designs that facilitate heat transfer also create turbulence that aids in plate cleaning. The solution is then routed to the target system and back to the circulation tank included in the CIP module.
A CIP skid is a custom-built integrated CIP system mounted on a platform for ease of transportation and installation.
Prefabricated skids make efficient use of space for tanks and piping and they ensure easy access by technicians for connecting to processing systems and other components.
Skids vary by tank size, the number of tanks, heating type, valve type, and chemical dosing. They can include plate and frame, shell and tube, or electric heat exchangers.