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In chemical processes, the use of Titanium Heat Exchangers has been found to be a cost-effective method of resisting leaks from corrosion on a process line. The following information provides additional background on Titanium, its characteristics, strengths, and how a Titanium Heat Exchanger could be the answer to corrosion in your system.
Titanium Heat Exchangers are highly cost-effective over the entire life cycle of the equipment. Properly maintained, Titanium Heat Exchangers can operate for decades, making them a very economical choice.
Titanium Heat Exchangers can:
Titanium is one of several metals which fall into the category of reactive metals or corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs). Reducing or oxidizing environments, with or without chlorides, and temperatures up to 1200°F, are all possible with this group of exceptional materials. In addition to high resistance to uniform corrosion attack, CRAs can be very successful against pitting, crevice and stress corrosion.
Titanium is used as the material of construction for Heat Exchangers in chemical, petrochemical, oil & gas and other industrial manufacturing environments. In these processes, aggressive fluids, often at very high temperature and or pressure, come into contact with equipment surfaces, testing the strength and corrosion resistance of the material.
Considered the workhorse of the reactive metals, Titanium is readily available. More Titanium goes into corrosion-resistant equipment fabrication than all other reactive metals combined. Please see Applications of Titanium for a more in depth look at additional uses for Titanium that includes some comparative corrosion resistance data, media, concentrations and temperatures.
TITAN offers a full range of TEMA-type Titanium Heat Exchangers. Utilizing both HTRI and AspenTech thermal design software, we can custom design a Heat Exchanger to fit your application. TITAN's Heat Exchanger designs take advantage of loose-lined, solid, and explosive clad tube sheet options based on the mechanical demands of the application.
TITAN manufactures pressure equipment in accordance with all major international design standards and pressure vessel codes.
Manufacturing capacities include diameters up to 120″ diameter, 300' in length and weights up to 200 tons.
TITAN Titanium Heat Exchangers are used in a wide variety of environments. To view a list of materials where Titanium is commonly used, please visit Applications of Titanium.
For a general guide on corrosion resistance, temperatures and concentrations please see TITAN's publication, "Corrosion Resistance of Metals in Various Chemical Media" for additional information.*
*Note: Final selection of material must be based on actual evaluation of the metal in the corrosive medium.
In addition to Titanium Heat Exchangers, TITAN regularly designs, engineers and fabricates the following types of Titanium custom process equipment:
Titanium can perform well in extreme temperature environments due to its high melting point and high-cycle fatigue strength. It's preferred in applications such as aircraft engines, naval ships, spacecraft, missiles, and pipes for power plants because of its excellent corrosion resistance caused by a protective oxidation process that occurs when it's exposed to high temperatures. This temperature oxidation is lowered in pure oxygen atmospheres.
Commercially pure titanium has a high strength-to-weight ratio and is an excellent choice for use in components that operate at high temperatures, as it has a melting point of around 3,034°F and a density of approximately 4.5 g/cm3. However, its applications can sometimes be limited, as titanium can catch fire and cause extreme damage if exposed to situations where it rubs against other metals at elevated temperatures.
Commercially pure titanium is corrosion-resistant, forming a protective oxide coating when exposed to high temperatures. This can be a positive when it's reactive with water or at ambient temperatures anywhere on Earth. However, titanium also reacts with oxygen and carbon at high temperatures, which creates challenges when preparing titanium metal, crystals, or powder. If titanium powder is heated with oxygen present, it can become an explosion hazard in processes such as 3D printing and powder sintering metallurgy. These material properties excel in pipes but are unsuitable for jet engines and rocket motors.
Because of its high tensile strength and creep resistance, commercially pure titanium can remain stable at temperatures up to approximately 572°F. Compared to other metals, such as aluminum, titanium has low thermal conductivity, which can result in excessive heat build-up.
Titanium is not soluble in water, and its hydrogen solubility decreases even further with elevated temperatures, making it a good candidate for magnetically confined fusion reactors. Titanium is also often used in orthopedic and dental implants-however, other metals are often added to titanium for most applications to create stronger, tougher alloys.
Titanium Alloys
Pure titanium is often mixed with other metals to create alloys that provide increased tensile strength and toughness, even at high temperatures. These alloys are split into three different categories-alpha, beta, and alpha+beta and aren't subject to low thermal conductivities. A brief description of each titanium alloy category is described below.
Some titanium alloys with higher complexities display high strength at temperatures up to around 932°F. Titanium alloys also generally have a lower thermal conductivity than commercially pure titanium.
Pure titanium is often mixed with other metals to create alloys that provide increased tensile strength and toughness, even at high temperatures. These alloys are split into three different categories-alpha, beta, and alpha+beta and aren't subject to low thermal conductivities. A brief description of each titanium alloy category is described below.
Some titanium alloys with higher complexities display high strength at temperatures up to around 932°F. Titanium alloys also generally have a lower thermal conductivity than commercially pure titanium.
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